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A bicycle kick, also known as an overhead kick or scissors kick, is a physical move in association football achieved by throwing the body up into the air and making a shearing movement with the legs in order to get one leg in front of the other without resting on the ground. In most languages, the manoeuvre is named after either the cycling motion or the scissor motion that it resembles. Their complexity and uncommon performance in competitive football matches make them one of association football's most celebrated skills. Bicycle kicks are used when players find the acrobatic manoeuvre their best resource. It can be used defensively to clear away the ball from the goalmouth or offensively to strike at the goal in an attempt to score. The bicycle kick is an advanced football skill that, due to its difficulty, is dangerous for inexperienced players. Its successful performance has largely been limited to the most experienced and athletic players in football history.〔See: * *〕 The bicycle kick was invented in South America, possibly as early as in the late 19th century, during a period of development in football history. Innovations like the bicycle kick were the result of local adaptations to the football style introduced by British immigrants.〔See: * * *〕 Football lore has many legends on the possible origins of the bicycle kick. Newspaper archives from the turn of the 20th century evidence a complex, multinational history for the bicycle kick's invention, naming, and diffusion. As an iconic skill, bicycle kicks are an important part of association football culture. Executing a bicycle kick in a competitive football match, particularly when a goal is attained by way of this action, usually garners wide attention in the sports media. The bicycle kick has been featured in works of art, such as sculptures, films, and literature. The manoeuvre is also used in other similar ball sports, particularly in the variants of association football (like futsal and beach soccer). The controversy over the move's invention and name in Brazil, Chile, and Peru (and its status as an element of the notable Chile–Peru football rivalry) has added to the kick's acclaim in popular culture. == Name == The bicycle kick is known in English by three names: the "bicycle kick", the "overhead kick", and the "scissors kick". The term "bicycle kick" describes the action of the legs while the body is in mid-air, resembling the pedalling of a bicycle. The manoeuvre is also called an "overhead kick", which, according to football instructors Klaus Bischops and Heinz-Willi Gerards, refers to the ball being "kicked above head level", or a "scissors kick", reflecting the movement described by professional football coach Colin Schmidt: "() the kicking foot goes to meet the ball, the non-kicking foot makes a quick move back toward the ball (like blades of scissors coming together)". In languages other than English, the name of the manoeuvre also reflects the action that it resembles. Sports journalist Alejandro Cisternas, from Chilean newspaper ''El Mercurio'', compiled a list of these names.〔 In most cases, they either refer to the kick's scissor-like motion, such as the French ''ciseaux retourné'' (returned scissor) and the Greek ''psalidaki'', or to its bicycle-like action, such as the Portuguese ''pontapé de bicicleta''.〔 In other languages, the nature of the action is described: German ''fallrückzieher'' (falling backward kick), Polish ''przewrotka'' (overturn kick), Dutch ''omhaal'' (turnaround drag), and Italian ''rovesciata'' (reversed kick).〔 Exceptions to these naming patterns are found in languages that designate the move by making reference to a location, such as the Norwegian ''brassespark'' (Brazilian kick).〔 This exception is most significant in Spanish, where there exists a fierce controversy between Chile and Peru—as part of their historic sports rivalry—over the naming of the bicycle kick; Chileans know it as the ''chilena'', while Peruvians call it the ''chalaca''.〔See: * *〕 Regardless, the move is also known in Spanish by the less tendentious names of ''tijera'' and ''tijereta''—both a reference to the manoeuvre's scissor-like motion. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「bicycle kick」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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